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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medications can be a valuable tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of medications and are able to make appropriate prescriptions that will minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is usually three-pronged, including medication, psychotherapy and exercise. SSRIs, the first choice of medications for treating anxiety can take several weeks to work. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders can be treated with SSRIs. The latest SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs). Several SSRIs are FDA-approved for treating generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil), sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain. They can also help to increase norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be used alone or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs can have side effects, like nausea and digestive problems however, they tend to improve as the body becomes used to the medication. The precise mechanism through which SSRIs are effective in treating anxiety is not understood fully. It is believed that SSRIs hinder serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neurons and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, which in turn decreases anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can reduce anxiety and increase the frequency of panic attacks. They also can help with depression and other mental health conditions that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in combination with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which could increase their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive unlike some other antidepressants. It is nevertheless important to follow the prescriptions of your doctor. If you stop taking your medication suddenly it could trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety-related symptoms. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor might consider a different type of antidepressants, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs may also be effective, however they have a greater risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products, eggs, red meat, as well as some fruits and vegetables. If you are taking these medicines it is a wise idea to avoid these foods. It is also recommended that you avoid drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs because it can cause some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines boost the calming effect of certain chemicals found in the nervous system and brain. They increase the effects of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a substance that inhibits nerve activity. These drugs can be effective in treating anxiety, insomnia and other psychological disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for short periods of time under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous if taken recreationally or mixed with other drugs such as alcohol. When people have anxiety disorders, they typically look to medication as the first option. However it's not the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been shown to help reduce anxiety-related symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and efficient. This type of psychotherapy can teach you how to modify your thinking and behavior so that you don't feel anxious as often. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene) as well as lorazepam (Ativan), and Quazepam (Dalmane). They all have similar pharmacological properties, but each has its own unique side effect and pharmacological profile. Clorazepate, for instance is more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on other hand, is better at treating anxiety disorders compared to quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they should not be used for long periods of time because they may cause physical dependence and tolerance. They can also trigger withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding shaking, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking the medication. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a few weeks. However they can be slowed down by reducing the medication gradually. Benzodiazepines can be extremely addictive and should be taken only for a short time – usually no more than 4 weeks. During this period, you'll have to be vigilant about your heart rate and blood pressure so that you don't have an extreme withdrawal reaction. If you're considering taking a benzodiazepine prescription speak with your doctor about your past history of using substances. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be used to treat anxiety symptoms. disorders anxiety prevent adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system. This stops the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart tremors or palpitations. These medications are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues. However they can also be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. When you are anxious, your body produces a chemical known as adrenaline that signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the brain and the heart and causes your heart to beat more quickly and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are the name of a class of medication that are used to treat hypertension and other heart conditions, work by blocking the binding action of adrenaline which can help reduce your heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take a few weeks or months to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers are fast-acting. They are a great option for those who need immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms. For instance, those who are required to deliver a public speech or fly in an airplane. Additionally, they are a good choice for people who suffer from anxiety and a chronic heart condition such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Although beta-blockers are effective at reducing the physical symptoms of anxiety, they fail to treat the root of the disorder. They are only prescribed in conjunction with an overall treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle adjustments and counseling. However, they can be a useful option for people who have tried other anti-anxiety medications and do not find them to be effective or cause unacceptable side effects. There are a variety of different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will determine the best one for you depending on your medical history and health status. Taking these medications can have adverse effects, like low blood pressure or fatigue It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for a variety of depression and anxiety disorders . They aren't as frequently used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions that are required and the potential for drug interactions. Certain MAOIs are available in tablet form and are taken orally, while others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal skin patch. MAOIs interfere with the actions of MAO, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters play an important role in mood, sleep and appetite as in sexual function as well. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. However, they are more likely to cause side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings in boxes for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe other medications or treatments to treat your symptoms in addition to the MAOIs listed below. A beta-blocker, like propranolol, is often prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may recommend a relaxation method, or other home treatments to alleviate your symptoms. The original MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during research into tuberculosis in 1952. It was soon discovered to have mood-elevating properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. Typically, MAOIs can only be employed when other antidepressants fail to perform, as they could cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and eat foods that contain tyramine, a substance in many red meats, cheeses shellfish, fish, as well as some nutritional supplements, it can trigger a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, and a rapid heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other medications and cause extreme side effects, such as suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and even suicidal thoughts. Your doctor will discuss your dietary needs with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you to avoid eating any food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the drug. The doctor will also give a list of foods that are safe to consume while on MAOIs. This food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.